The country-level determinants of death rates by COVID-19
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new form of coronavirus that causes respiratory infection. Our report aims to create an Analytical Dashboard to identify the country-specific factors of fatality rates by COVID-19. Through research, the mortality rate has been fluctuating and deemed to be unreliable due to the differences in ICU Bed Rates, Aging Population, and Test Coverage Rates between countries.
DATA MANAGEMENT
To calculate country-level COVID-19 case and death rates, the number of cases and deaths were extracted from the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center through October 02, 2020. Country-level population health characteristics, such as ICU beds rate and Aging population indicators were extracted from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the United Nation publicly available online sources.
DASHBOARD DESIGN
There are four elements in the dashboard, indicating different key statistics and factors. The main element is the map located in the upper middle of the dashboard. The aging rate is located below the dashboard to avoid the problem of being over-compressed. The gray boundary lines are designed to prevent over-clutter the dashboard. Red is a primal color that provokes an instinctive emotional reaction, it is used to enforce the increase in the death rate in all the graphs.
For the criteria of the interactive dashboard, once the reader selects a specific country on the map, the selected country will stand out the tooltips shows the details of the death rate and information of related indexes.
RESEARCH FINDING
We study how demographics affect COVID-19 death numbers to show that countries with higher age groups (particularly 65 and beyond) are the most vulnerable. Countries such as Greece, Frace, Sweden with over 35% aging rate had strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality rates compared to non-aging societies. These results from the common fact that the aging population has a severe underlying health condition, which can increase the risk of developing dangerous symptoms of COVID-19.
Online reviews by customers are of the key importance of the Airbnb economy. The number and score of reviews have a strong impact on hosts' reputations. Particularly, charging cleaning fees has a severe impact on Airbnb listing. To provide the best service, we suggest the host respond to guests as soon as possible, choose a flexible cancellation and charging policy, and boost their reviews.
Within the well-structured critical care, the infrastructure has a positive impact to decrease the risk of death. The hospital capacity has been considered as an important determinant of mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Countries such as UK and Italy with lower capacity had higher COVID-19 death. However, the chart also indicates that some middle eastern countries with low ICU bed capacity remain low death rates. The relative shortage of hospital resources is certainly a growing issue that can influence physicians to provide the service to their patients. To have a comprehensive understanding of hospital resources, future proposals might include new indexes to evaluate the hospital resources.
We study how demographics affect COVID-19 death numbers to show that countries with higher age groups (particularly 65 and beyond) are the most vulnerable. Countries such as Greece, Frace, Sweden with over 35% aging rate had strikingly higher COVID-19 mortality rates compared to non-aging societies. These results from the common fact that the aging population has a severe underlying health condition, which can increase the risk of developing dangerous symptoms of COVID-19.
The policy is one of the determinants of COVID-19 fatality rates. Different testing approaches have been implemented in different countries. Our results showed that countries with the highest rate of tests performed have relatively lower mortality rates. The report suggests that large-scale screening strategies may significantly reduce the case fatality rate during the pandemic. This can help the government identify and isolate active cases and break the chain of COVID-19 transmission at the early stage.